The mental image a scientist has of the structure of society. This influences what the scientists look for, what they see, and how phenomena are explained.

The conception of society as a social system characterized by cohesion, consensus, cooperation, reciprocity, stability, and persistence.

A view of society that posits conflict as a normal feature of social life, influencing the distribution of power and the direction and magnitude of social change.

An intended consequence of a social arrangement or social action.

An unintended consequence of a social arrangement or social action.

There are two types of social problems: 1) societally induced conditions that cause psychic and material suffering for any segment of the population; and 2) those acts and conditions that violate the norms and values of society.

The concept designating the forces that resist change, which emanate from the assumed human need for certainty and stability.

The search for technological solutions to human problems as an impetus for change.

The clash between conflicting ideas and forces.

In marxian theory, the idea that the oppressed may hold beliefs damaging to their interests.

Unity among divergent elements of society resulting from a specialized division of labor.

The incorrect belief that throughout u.s. history disadvantaged groups have gained their share of power, prosperity, and respectability without violence.

A consequence that is disruptive for the stability and cohesion of the social organization.

Appointing a member of a dissident group to a policy-making body to appease the dissenting group