B. a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture

C. a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of <->interaction)

D. a norm so strong that it brings revulsion if violated

E. a reward given for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize

F. a series of interrelated values that together form a larger whole

G. a society made up of many different groups

H. a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought

I. a value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group

J. an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal prison sentence or an execution

K. an object that is created or modified for a specific purpose

L. another term for nonmaterial culture

M. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving

N. encounter between people from different cultures, or coming in contact with some parts of a different culture

O. expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms

P. in its narrow sense, tools; its broader sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools

Q. learned, shared behavior among animals

R. norms that are not strictly enforced

S. norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values

T. something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others

U. the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life

V. the emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life

W. the expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop out of values

X. the ideal values and norms of a people, the goals held out for them

Y. the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next

Z. the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry

AA. the norms and values that people actually follow

BB. the process by which cultures become similar to one another, and especially by which Western industrial culture is imported and diffused into developing nations

CC. the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another

DD. the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly

EE. the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors

FF. the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world

GG. the view (opposed to technological determinism) that culture (people's values and special interests) shapes the use and development of technology

HH. the view that technology determines culture, that technology takes on a life of its own and forces human behavior to follow

II. the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another

JJ. understanding a people from the framework of its own culture

KK. values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other

LL.William Ogburn's term for a situation in which nonmaterial culture lags behind changes in the material culture